واژه ادهوکراسی از واژه های یونانی ad hoc به معنی “برای هدف معین” و پسوند -cracy به معنی “حکومت” گرفته شده است. رابرت واترمن ادهوکراسی را بدین گونه تعریف می کند: هر ساختاری از سازمان که خطوط بوروکراسی موجود را برای بهره برداری از فرصتها، حل مسایل و دستیابی به نتایج قطع می کند.
تمام اعضای یک سازمان مختار هستند که در هر حوزه ای از سازمان که می خواهند قرار بگیرند و در تعامل با دیگر اعضا تصمیم گرفته و اقداماتی را انجام دهند که آینده سازمان را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. هیچ سلسله مراتبی وجود ندارد. طبق نظر رابرت واترمن، “تیم ها باید به اندازه ای بزرگ باشند که نماینده تمام قسمت های بوروکراتیک باشند و در عین حال به اندازه ای کوچک باشند که کارشان را بطور کارا انجام دهند”.
۳ نمونه های ادهوکراسی
Did you think being a good friend is easy enough? Think again. If that were the case, the world would be full of good friends and one would sometimes never feel the need of a family. There’s no clear definition of what a good friend should be like, but it’s through unspoken words that generations have understood what good friends actually are. We will help you to know and understand the deep meaning of being a good friend. Given below are the ways to be a good friend.
This is the most important fact to remember before you even think of starting a friendship. You need to be yourself – your real self and not pretend to be someone else. This will ensure that your friends like you the way you are. You don’t want to be liked for someone you’re not, right? Don’t be friends with someone just because you want to be popular like them or connect to their network. That’s opportunistic, not friendly.
Everyone needs to be heard out. If your friend calls you in the middle of the night, hear what they’ve got to say rather than jumping on their nerves for calling you so late. Also, sometimes their talk may turn boring or awkward, but learn to overlook that. That’s the true meaning of a good friend. You give them the space that they have a right to.
Showing respect to your friend means listening to them, but not necessarily agreeing with them. Everyone has different opinions on various things in life. So respect the views or the decisions that your friend makes. Don’t judge them by their views about something. Everyone has the right to be different.
Helping your friend is an essential factor in being a good friend. You shouldn’t be backing off when it comes to help your friend. If they’re too drunk at a party, offer or insist if need be to drive them home safely. Help them if they ask for your advice in an exam or suggest someone better than you, if you’re not able to help them.
If a friend shares a secret with you – the most horrible or painful secret of their life – then they trust you a lot. Don’t ever break that trust by telling their secret to someone else and making fun of it. You will never be trusted again by that friend in your l
When an emergency befalls upon your friend, go to their rescue. For instance, if they meet with an accident, rush them to the hospital and call their family. If you’re not there when they met with an accident, visit them everyday, get them flowers and do little things for them to show that you care. If they have a family problem, be there for them.
Good friends always give advice when it’s needed. This may be to warn their friends of bad company or a drug problem. Whenever your friends ask for your advice about anything, tell them what you really feel. Don’t hold back even if the truth may hurt them, because ultimately it’s for their good.
When your friend is down, just make them happy in the most craziest of ways. That’s what friends are for! Making them cheerful again should be your ultimate goal for your friends.
Being honest to your friend is very important. If you say you will do something and then aren’t able to do it, don’t come up with excuses as to why you didn’t do it in the first place. Lying to your friend will break your friend’s trust in you.
When you promise your friend that you will do something – take their dog for a walk, give them a treat or anything – do it. However silly the thing may be, once you’ve given your word, don’t forget it. This will make you a good friend as well as a trustworthy o